Giving evidence to the public inquiry investigating the deaths of 401 of Shipman's patients, she said she remained "convinced" that her husband was innocent of killing the 15 elderly women.

"The overwhelming impression which I formed of Mrs Shipman was that, whilst attending the inquiry to give evidence was a great ordeal for her and she was understandably nervous, once in the hearing chamber she did her very best to co-operate as fully as she was able.

'In fact, Shipman had given his patient an overdose of morphine, causing her to go into a persistent vegetative state for 14 months before she died, without regaining consciousness, at Tameside Hospital.Dr Harold Shipman, who was known to those closest to him as Fred, gave little away during his trial for 15 murders in the wood-panelled courtroom number one at Preston Crown Court, starting in October 1999.The court room was always packed with the relatives of his victims and his wife, Primrose, who attended each day along with the world's media.During four months of evidence in the elegantly tiled room, he sat listening intently or furiously scribbling notes on a pad of paper in front of him, apparent fury flowing through him as he alerted his legal team.He was a regular reader of the Guardian, and I did wonder if he was following my court reports in the paper for which I worked at the time.In any event, he displayed little human emotion or empathy. "Following his conviction, judge Dame Janet Smith carried out an extensive inquiry into his crimes and published a number of reports making a series of recommendations, starting at Manchester Town Hall, in June 2001.Her first report, published in July 2002, concluded Dr Shipman had killed at least 215 patients with a suspicion over the deaths of a further 45.Her second report concluded that Shipman's final three victims - Winifred Mellor, Joan Melia and Kathleen Grundy, would probably have been saved if the police investigation had been properly conducted and supervised.In a third report she found that by issuing death certificates stating natural causes, the serial killer was able to evade investigations by coroners.The fourth report called for stringent controls on the use and stockpiling of controlled drugs, such as diamorphine.A fifth report focused on the regulation and monitoring of GPs and criticised the General Medical Council in the 1970s for failing in its primary task of protecting patients 'because it was too involved in protecting doctors'.A sixth, and final report, published in January 2005 concluded that Shipman had killed 250 patients and probably embarked on his murderous career at the age of 25, just a year after completing his medical training.In 2007, the government published Learning From Tragedy, a summary of all the action taken in response to the Shipman Inquiry.The government brought in procedures for safeguarding controlled drugs, new laws to improve the coroners system and measures to identify health workers who pose a threat to patient safety.One of the main changes was a second doctor now signs cremation certificates and speaks to a member of the family and examines medical records.In an interview with the BBC a decade ago, Dame Janet expressed concern about the lack of progress in implementing her recommendations on tightening up the way deaths are recorded.In 2018, it emerged that more than 450 patients died when they were given 'dangerous' levels of opioid painkillers.No charges were brought against retired GP Dr Jane Barton, 71, who was found to have presided over 'an institutionalised regime' with a 'flagrant disregard for human life' by an official inquiry.The Gosport Independent Panel found people who had been viewed as a 'nuisance' were given opiates via syringe drivers, often resulting in their deaths within days, amid 'a culture of shortening the lives' of patients.The panel's report found a total of 456 people has their lives cut short and another 200 were 'possibly' given drugs without medical justification between 1987 and 2001.A new independent police investigation began in April 2019 with a team of up to 90 officers would focusing on the deaths between 1987-2001.In 2010, the General Medical Council found Dr Barton guilty of professional misconduct for failing in her care of 12 patients between 1996 and 1999.Her husband, Tim Barton, told the Sunday Times in 2002 that she had been under a huge amount of pressure and was severely overworked.

"You can see the element of tolerance where he sees the need to increase the dose of his killing behaviour to get the same effect.

Primrose Shipman continued to visit her husband in prison each week (Image: Reuters). "Andrew Spink, representing relatives, asked Mrs Shipman: "We have been told you are convinced of your husband's innocence. She said nothing and slammed the doors in reporters' faces.You can find our Community Guidelines in full Wife Primrose in hiding In 1974, Shipman began working as a GP but just a year …

Primrose Oxtoby was the wife of Harold Shipman, a GP who went on to become the most prolific serial killer of all time. "The feeling of being in control wipes out that vulnerability, but the flipside is that you can't develop as a person", Dr Badcock said.He said Shipman had a 'need for control', was a 'shell of person inside' who got 'a huge intellectual buzz' from killing, to the extent it replaced sex, which he would have regarded as 'messy and difficult and to be avoided because he couldn't control it and be successful'.A study of serial killers found 90 per cent had a history of drug or alcohol abuse - a pattern of behaviour demonstrated by Shipman.Writing in the Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, Keith Soothill and Professor David Wilson, a leading expert in serial killers, noted it was 'more than just a coincidence that the injections he gave to his victims were the same drug that was administered to his mother'.And Professor Jeremy Coid, a forensic psychiatrist at Queen Mary University of London and East London NHS Foundation Trust, He said that at times, Shipman displayed traits of split personality a result of the false persona he created of perfect doctor.By the time he persuaded his patients to accept a lethal injection, his mask had slipped 'and they see what is really behind it - somebody for whom the victim is no more than an object. "Instead of trying to find a new Harold Shipman, it might be more constructive to ask why a part-time GP was looking after 48 beds. Primrose Shipman shortly after her husband's death (Image: Daily Mirror) Primrose, who was not involved with her husband's killing spree, had worked as the GP's receptionist until his arrest.

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