This product is used to locate flood potential over urban or rural areas, estimate total basin runoff and provide rainfall accumulations for the duration of the event.The 1 Hour Running Total Precipitation image is an estimate of one-hour precipitation accumulation on a 1.1x1.1 nm grid. Radial Velocity measured by Doppler radars Doppler radars can measure the component of the velocity of targets toward or away from the radar. Each velocity image includes one of two velocity scales regardless of the radar’s operation mode. In addition, the radar image will not show echos from precipitation that lies outside the radar's beam, either because the precipitation is too high above the radar, or because it is so close to the Earth's surface that it lies beneath the radar's beam.This reflected signal is then received by the radar during its listening period.
Use these images with caution; ground clutter removal techniques can remove some real echoes, too.Under highly stable atmospheric conditions (typically on calm, clear nights), the radar beam can be refracted almost directly into the ground at some distance from the radar, resulting in an area of intense-looking echoes. Return from insects is sometimes apparent during July and August. Since hail can cause the rainfall estimates to be higher than what is actually occurring, steps are taken to prevent these high dBZ values from being converted to rainfall.Echoes from objects like buildings and hills appear in almost all radar reflectivity images.

Altitudes are given in thousands of feet (KFT), and the time is GMT (5 hours ahead of EST).

These "No Clutter" images are available on the web site. At position 2, the radial velocity is the same as the overall wind speed. However, the only motion it can "see" is either directly toward or away from the radar. Each radial in the TDWR has a beam width of 0.55 degrees. The Local Radar base reflectivity product is a display of echo intensity (reflectivity) measured in The maximum range of the base reflectivity product is 143 miles (230 km) from the radar location. This is called radial velocity as it is the component of the target's motion that is along the direction of the radar beam. These wind profiles will be spaced 6 to 10 minutes apart in time, with the most recent snapshot at the far right. Precipitation moving perpendicular to the radar beam (in a circle around the radar) will have a radial velocity of zero, and will be colored grey. We're calling them "High-Def" stations on our The TDWR products are very similar to those available for the traditional WSR-88D NEXRAD sites. Where you see a grey area, draw an arrow from negative velocities (greens and blues) to positive velocities (yellows and oranges) so that the arrow is perpendicular to the radar beam. If there is no precipitation above the radar to bounce off, a "ND" (Non-Detection) value will be plotted in knots. This view will not display echoes that are more distant than 124 nm, even though precipitation may be occurring at greater distances.This is the velocity of the precipitation either toward or away from the radar (in a radial direction). Using the conventional radar, it is difficult to see the hook-shape of the radar echo, while the TDWR clearly depicts the hook echo, as well as the Rear-Flank Downdraft (RFD) curling into the hook. An mathematical algorithm can be applied to the radar data to remove echoes where the echo intensity changes rapidly in an unrealistic fashion. Extra detail can also been seen at long-ranges, and the TDWRs should give us more detailed depictions of a hurricane's spiral bands as it approaches the coast.View of a tornado taken by conventional WSR-88D NEXRAD radar (left) and the higher-resolution TDWR system (right). VIL is useful for:A handy VIL interpretation guide is available from the The Echo Tops image shows the maximum height of precipitation echoes. If the overall motion of the storms is subtracted from the velocity, the wind circulation relative to the storm itself will become more evident.As before, the radar will only see the radial velocity. As the train approaches, the sound waves that make up the whistle are compressed making the pitch higher than if the train was stationary. That is, the radial velocity is the component of the object's velocity that points in the direction of the radius connecting the point and the object.
The TDWRs also have such derived products as echo height, vertically integrated liquid water, and VAD winds. For example, for a thunderstorm lying 48 nm from the radar, the radar won't be able to tell if the thunderstorm is at 48 nm, or some multiple of 48 nm, such as 96 or 192 nm. For small scale thunderstorm circulations, from which tornadoes often form, will typically be indicated by Just judging from the base velocity image, it might appear that there is only a strong inbound motion of gusty wind produced by the thunderstorm. RF stands for "Range Folding".The true wind direction can be determined on a radial velocity plot only where the radial velocity is zero (grey colors). As a result, the TDWRs are very prone to ground clutter from buildings, water towers, hills, etc. Depending on the type of weather occurring and the area of the U.S., forecasters use a set of rain rates which are associated to the dBZ values. A set of three images going from top to bottom show the squall line's reflectivity as it approaches the TDWR radar, moves over the TDWR, than moves away. The other scale represents dBZ values when the radar is in precipitation mode (dBZ values from 5 to 75).The scale of dBZ values is also related to the intensity of rainfall. At position 2, the radial velocity is the same as the overall wind speed. VIL units are in kilograms per square meter--the total mass of water above a given area of the surface.

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