New York: M. E. Sharpe.Stephan, John J. Harbin became a cosmopolitan city full of European and Russian architecture of the type popular in the belle époque era between WWI and WWII, and hence the nickname “Paris of the East”. Harbin in winter shows a large number of ice figures and offers many ice and snow activities for sightseers. It stands at 53.3 meters (175 ft) tall, occupies an area of 721 square meters (0.18 acres), and is the perfect example of Although the cathedral's sturdy structure withstood its intended destruction during the Cultural Revolution, its empty hull became a warehouse for a nearby state-run department store, its windows were bricked up and saplings grew from the roof. The Russian No.4 Army Division arrived in this region just after Russia's loss to the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).

There are more than 1,900 rivers in Heilongjiang, including the As Harbin serves as an important military industrial base after PRC's foundation, it is home to several key universities mainly focused on the science and technology service of national military and aerospace industry.In 2009 Harbin opened an International Sister Cities museum.

Go back 150 years and the area along the Songhua River was but a collection of rural settlements. Although most White émigrés fled to Paris, Berlin and Prague, Harbin’s role in welcoming those persecuted by the Bolsheviks is often overlooked by historians.In a way, it makes perfect sense: starting in 1917 Harbin welcomed pro-Tsarist traders and bureaucrats. Distressed by the destruction and empowered by social media, Mr. Bu, Ms. Gao and other residents have banded together to preserve what remains of Harbin’s Russian architecture… Ironically, over 48,000 of them were arrested as “Japanese spies” during the Great Purge of 1936-38.When the Soviet army took the city in August 1945, many remaining residents met a similar fate: those deemed to have had any previous cooperation with the White Army, the Japanese, or the Russian Fascist Party were immediately rounded up and sent to the GULAG.Most remaining Russians in Harbin were repatriated to the Soviet Union, and in the Chinese census of 1964 just 450 Russians were counted in the city. Within just a couple weeks of living here I have already seen it brought back to life as an ice sculpture at Harbin’s famous International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival, as a model made of turf near the square where the original once stood, and as an engraving on every manhole cover I have seen thus far in the city. After the The Russian community in Harbin made it their mission to preserve the pre-revolutionary culture of Russia. Onion domes and Baroque architecture lined grand avenues like the cosmopolitan Kitayskaya (Russian for “Chinese”) Street in the wealthy city center, earning it the nickname “Moscow of the East.” Nostalgic Russians imported other parts of their cultural heritage as well, like the Harbin Symphony Orchestra, now China’s oldest symphony orchestra. Houses were constructed, furniture and personal items were brought in from Russia. Berliners, New Yorkers, Muscovites.

The Chinese laborers were given less pay than European workers, were denied municipal rights, and were forced to live in unsafe settlements outside the city center that were quarantined in times of epidemic. Harbin rose from the plains of Manchuria once it was designated in 1898 as the administrative center for the Chinese Eastern Railroad, built by the Russian Empire as a shortcut between the Pacific port city of Vladivostok and Siberian city of Chita.

In 1997, a newly restored St. Sophia Cathedral in the former wealthy city center was reopened as a museum of local history after years of neglect and use as a warehouse. Harbin, a major junction city on the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), came successively under the control of the Qing dynasty, the Republic of China, Manchukuo and the People's Republic of China in this period.

The artists come from all over the world.

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